Gearing for windmills



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GBARING FOR WINDMILLS. No. 261,739. Patented July 25, 1882.

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GEARING FOR WINDMILL S. No. 261,739.

Patented July 25, 1.882.

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7 GE'A-RING FOR WINDMILLs. 110.261.739 Patented July 25, 1882.

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. V v 6 m UNITED" STATES P TENT OFFICE.

. MYRON R. MARTIN, on RUTLAND, Assienoaor ONE-HALF TO THE BAKER I MANUFACTURING COMPANY, or EVANSVILLE, WISCONSIN.

GEARING FOR WINDMILLS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 261,739, dated July 25, 1882.

Application fi led December 8, 1881. (ModeL) To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MYRON R. MARTIN, of

the town of Rutland', in the county of Dane.

and State ofWisconsin, have invented a cer; tain new and useful Improvement in Gearings for Windmills, of which the following is a specification. In windmills having the wind-wheel shaft connected directly with a vertical shaft, by bevel-gear wheels for operating feed-grinders and for like purposes the reaction of the vertical shaft has a tendency to shift the turn-table of the mill and throw the wind-wheel more or less out of the wind, thus greatly reducing r 5 the efficiency and working capacity of the mill. The movement of the turn-table, caused by the variation in direction of the wind and the shifting of the wind-wheel in accordance therewith, produces in such a mill sudden changes in the speed of the vertical shaft, even if the wind-wheel shaft maintains a constant speed. This is the converse operation of that first described, the construction producing one necessarily producing the other. These objections have heretofore been overcome by the use of reciprocating mechanisms transmitting the rotary motion of the wind-wheel shaft to a shaft at a lower elevation, and swiveled to permit of the free movement of the turn-table on the tower-castin g; but these mechanisms are complicated and expensive and liable to get out of order.

The object of my invention is to produce means for overcoming these objections to the 3 5 use of simple bevel-gears in a simpler and more efficient manner than heretofore. This I accomplish by means of a swiveled compensatin g-gearing, which transmits positively and constantly to the driven machinery the rotary movement of the wind-wheel shaft independent of and without being affected by the movement of the turn-table, and balances the twisting tendency caused by the reaction of the driven machinery. This construction permits the turning 'of the wind wheel around the tower when not itself turning without revolving on its own axis or moving the driven machinery.

The invention can be carried into effect in a number of ways, these preferred by me being shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is-a vertical section through the tower-casting and turn-table of a windmill, showing a swiveling and balancing gearing embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a similar view of the slightly-modified form of the same gearing; Fig. 2, an elevation of the peculiar balancing-gear wheel and'the gears carried by it, and Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 vertical sections of 6 other swiveling and balancing gear for windmills.

With reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 2, Ais the tower-casting, upon which revolves the turntable represented at B. The wheel-arm B is 6 5 carried by the turn -table, and through it passes the wind-wheel shaft (J, to the outer end of which the wind-wheel (not shown) is secured.

D is a vertical shaft passing centrally up through the tower-casting A, and carrying on 0 its upper end a horizontal beveled-gear wheel, E, which is keyed thereto.

F is a vertical bevel-gear keyed to the Windwheel shaft 0. The gears E and F are connectedby the single bevel-gears G and the 7 5 double bevel-gear H. H is mounted loosely on the inner end of shaft G, and meshes on one side with E. On its other side it meshes with the gears G, which in turn mesh with F. The gears G are mounted loosely on studs within a large vertical gear-wheel, I, which engages with a horizontal bevel-gear, K, formed on or secured to the tower-castingA. Three or more gearsG are employed, as shown in Fig. 2,

inorder to hold the outside wheel, I, in a cen- 8 5 tral position.

In the operation of the mill the wheels F and H turn in the opposite directions, and the tendency of the reaction of the driven machinery is to turn the large wheel I around on 0 stationary cogs K in the opposite direction to the turning of H on E. In this way the twisting tendency is balanced or compensated for. The wind-wheel can also be turned around the tower, and when not revolved by the wind will 9 5 that neither F nor G will be turned. When. the mill is in operation and'the wind-wheel is being turned by the wind the shifting of the turn-table by the variation in direction of the wind will cause the wheel I to rollon the towercasting. The roll of G on F caused by this movement diminishes-or increases the :speed of G, according'towhether'thedriven wheels; G roll on the driving-wheel F in the direction that the driving-wheel F rotates or in the opposite direction. At H and E, however, the conditions are the reverse, the driving-wheel H rolling on the driven wheel E,instcad of the driven wheel on the driving-wheel.

The effect of the difference in :movementof; G upon the driving-wheel H is to diminish its. speed when it rolls on the driven wheel E in the direction oppositeto its own rotation, and; to increase its speed when itrollson E in the other direction.

It will be thus seenithatthe gearing'is swiv-f eled so far asth'e movement of the turn-tabIeE is concerned, butactspositively inresponse to} the axial movement of the wind-wheel .shafn.

The speed of the driven machinery is conse-j quentl y as constantas that of the wind-wheel shaft, and is not varied by "the turning of :the wheel around'the'tower.

The wind-wheel shaft 0 stops-short'of'thej center of the vertical shaft D, as shown, its

inner end'bein'g carried'byaibearing, O, sup-.

ported 'by the turn-table. This permits the: passing of the wire IL,'for shippingthe wind-i wheel out of andin'to the actionot' the wind,; through the'hollow verticalisha'ft 1) which is an advantage'in windmills.

In the modification of thegearing shown inj Fig.3, a, is the wind-wheel shaft, having a yoke, 12, secured to itsinner end,.w'hich carriesloosel spur-wheels 0, meshing with .a surrounding outside wheel, d, and-with a central wheel, e., \Vheel e is car'riedby and keyed'to shaftfii which passes loosely through wheel d, and has keyed to its inner end a 'bevelgear, g,. meshing with a "bevel-gear, h, on the vertical; shaft i. 'Shafti passes through the tower-cast-f ing, whichhas cogs It, with which the exterior} teeth of d mesh. The turn-table, by bearings fromwhich the shafts a and f are supported,; is not shown.

In Fig. 4:, a is the wind-wheel shaft,.having hub b keyed thereto, and provided with studsi which carry bevel-gears c, meshing on one side with inner cogs of wheel 01 and on the other side with bevel-gear 6,keyed 'to independent shaftf. The shaft (1 turns loosely in wheel dfl Another gear, g, iskeyed to shaft f, meshing with gear h, which is keyed to vertical shaftj t. Wheel d meshes with cogs 7c onthe tower-g casting.

In Fig. 5, a is the wind-wheel shaft, carrying? bevel-gears c, which mesh with wheels at g,both

loose onshaft a. Wheelg meshes with gear h on vertical shaft i. Wheel d meshes with cogs icon the tower-casting.

Each of these modified forms of gearing has the same principles of action as that first described.

It is evident that other constructions of swiveled and compensating-'gearings-torwindmills could be devised withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention. For instance, the balancing-gear, instead of reacting on the tower-castinggcan mesh with a gear carried by a shaft properly connected to produce the desired effect. Such a construction is shown in F-igJG, in-which-the gear is is separated from the tower casting, and is mounted on sleeve 1.

This sleeve surrounds vertical shaft z, and has bevel-gear m on its lower end, which meshes with the upper side of a bevel-gear, n, on a horizontal shaft, '0. Vertical shaft 2' has a -bev.el.g.ear, p, meshing with lower side of gear n. 'In'otherrespects ithe ,gearing is'likethat shownin.'Fig.5.

'In'the above specification and in the following claims .I have used the terms :sw'iveled gearing asappliedtothegears'F, G, H, and

E; ascombined; and 'I have 'in likemanner used :the terms compensating or balancing gearing as. applied 'to the gears I. and :K, as

combined, for the .reason that the terms referred to are the best which occur to me .for

the parts'named,a'lthough I do notassert them tobe'technically correct. Y

'What'I claim is p 1. In a windmill, the combination, with the wind-wheel shaft, of the swivelcd gearing, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

'2. In a windmill, the combination, with thc wind-Wheel shaft, ofthecompensating or'balancing gearing, substantially as and for the purpose' set forth.

substantially as set'forth.

This specification signed and witnessedithis 72d .day of November, 1881..

MY RON It. MARTIN.

Witnesses:

JOHN 'FRAN'rz, J. H. Hosmns. 

